Understanding Electric Potential

Electric potential, also called voltage, is the amount of electric potential energy per unit charge at a point in an electric field. It is a scalar quantity measured in volts.

Introduction

Electric potential is a fundamental concept in electromagnetism that describes the electric potential energy per unit charge. It determines the direction of current flow and is essential for understanding electrical circuits.

History

The concept of electric potential was developed by Alessandro Volta in the late 18th century. His work on electrochemical cells led to the volt being named in his honor and established the foundation for modern electrical theory.

Key Units

Volt (V)

The SI unit of electric potential, defined as one joule of energy per coulomb of charge.

Millivolt (mV)

One thousandth of a volt, commonly used in electronics and biological measurements.

Kilovolt (kV)

One thousand volts, used in power transmission and high-voltage applications.

Applications

  • Electrical power systems and transmission
  • Electronic circuits and devices
  • Battery and energy storage systems
  • Medical devices and instrumentation
  • Industrial automation and control

Electric Potential Relationships

V = W/Q = IR

Voltage (V) equals work (W) per charge (Q), or current (I) times resistance (R) according to Ohm's law.