探索温度标度

温度是物质中粒子平均动能的测量。它决定了热接触的两个物体之间热流的方向。它是科学、工业和日常生活中的关键参数。

介绍

Temperature measurement is fundamental to science, industry, and daily life. It affects chemical reactions, material properties, weather patterns, and biological processes. Understanding temperature scales and conversions is essential for global communication and scientific accuracy.

历史

Temperature measurement began with simple observations of hot and cold. Daniel Fahrenheit developed the first reliable mercury thermometer in 1714. Anders Celsius created the centigrade scale in 1742. Lord Kelvin established the absolute temperature scale based on thermodynamic principles.

关键单位

Kelvin (K)

The SI base unit of temperature, starting from absolute zero (-273.15°C).

Celsius (°C)

A metric scale where water freezes at 0° and boils at 100° at standard pressure.

Fahrenheit (°F)

An imperial scale where water freezes at 32° and boils at 212° at standard pressure.

Rankine (°R)

An absolute scale using Fahrenheit degrees, starting from absolute zero.

Réaumur (°Ré)

A historical scale where water freezes at 0° and boils at 80°.

应用

  • Weather forecasting and climate monitoring
  • Industrial process control and manufacturing
  • Medical diagnostics and patient monitoring
  • Food safety and preservation systems
  • HVAC systems and building climate control
  • Scientific research and laboratory experiments

Temperature Conversions

°C = (°F - 32) × 5/9, K = °C + 273.15

Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius by subtracting 32 and multiplying by 5/9; add 273.15 to Celsius for Kelvin.